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In recent years, amid the migration and economic crisis affecting Cuba, Brazil has become an appealing destination for thousands of Cuban migrants seeking new economic and social opportunities outside their home country.
As of November this year, more than 19,700 Cubans have arrived in Brazil, according to data published by DataMigra and the International Migration Observatory, as reported in Folha de São Paulo.
The majority are seeking refuge, and this figure is more than three times higher than that recorded a decade ago, reflecting a significant shift in regional migration dynamics.
Specifically, from January to November 2024, 19,100 Cubans sought asylum in Brazil, surpassing the numbers from previous years.
In 2023, there were 13,100 Cuban migrants registered; in 2022, there were 7,600; and during the Más Médicos program in 2013, there were 5,200.
Only in November 2024, a record was set with 2,700 asylum applications, surpassing the Venezuelans, who traditionally lead these statistics with 2,200 applications in the same period.
The predominant migration route for Cubans involves entering through the border states of Amapá and Roraima, coming from Suriname and Guyana.
This journey is a torment: many cross by land and by boat from Suriname, traversing French Guiana until they reach Brazil.
Upon their arrival in the South American giant, asylum seekers receive a temporary protocol that allows them to work and access the public healthcare system while their cases are being reviewed, a process that can take years.
Moreover, the flow of migrants has contributed to the strengthening of labor sectors and the cultural diversity of the country.
However, although Brazil is regarded as a welcoming destination with job opportunities, particularly in the informal sector, some migrants see the country as a stepping stone to other destinations such as Uruguay, Chile, or even the United States.
A young Cuban woman residing in Brazil shared on TikTok a few months ago that, while it is possible to legalize one’s status and access rights similar to those of Brazilian citizens, success depends on personal effort and cultural adaptation. The Portuguese language can be a barrier that some may find difficult to overcome.
It is also important to remember that in August 2024, the Brazilian government implemented restrictions on the entry of migrants without visas, aiming to curb fraud in political asylum applications.
This measure impacts migrants who use Brazil as a transit country to reach other destinations, now requiring them to demonstrate persecution in their country of origin to be granted entry.
Frequently Asked Questions about Cuban Migration to Brazil
Why has Brazil become an attractive destination for Cuban migrants?
Brazil has become an attractive destination for Cuban migrants due to job opportunities and the ease of legalizing their status, which allows Cubans to work and access public services. Additionally, the country provides a welcoming environment for migrants; however, it is important to note that success depends on individual effort and cultural adaptation, including the learning of Portuguese.
How many Cubans have applied for asylum in Brazil in 2024?
Until November 2024, 19,100 Cubans have applied for asylum in Brazil. This figure represents a significant increase compared to previous years, reflecting shifts in migration dynamics and the pursuit of new opportunities outside of Cuba.
What challenges do Cubans face when emigrating to Brazil?
Cubans face several challenges when emigrating to Brazil, with the Portuguese language being a significant barrier. Additionally, cultural adaptation is crucial for fully integrating into Brazilian society. Although the country offers opportunities, success depends on individual effort and the ability to adapt.
Is Brazil a final destination or a transit country for Cubans?
For many Cubans, Brazil is a transit country to other destinations such as Uruguay, Chile, or the United States. However, some choose to settle in Brazil due to the available opportunities and the chance to regularize their status, which allows them to live and work with rights similar to those of Brazilian citizens.
Are there restrictions for Cuban migrants arriving in Brazil?
In August 2024, Brazil implemented restrictions on the entry of undocumented migrants, aimed at curbing fraud in political asylum applications. This measure impacts those who use Brazil as a transit point to other destinations, requiring proof of persecution in their country of origin to authorize their entry.
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