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In the first half of 2025, Brazil received 19,419 asylum requests from Cuban migrants, representing a 60.8% increase compared to the same period in 2024, when there were 7,610 fewer requests recorded.
The data from the Observatory of Migration (Obmigra), published on Facebook by migration consultant Alexei Padilla Herrera, also shows that requests from citizens of the island far exceed those from Venezuelans, who totaled 9,850 during that period, making the Cuban community the largest group seeking refuge in the South American country.
Almost no approvals
The report reveals an extremely low acceptance rate. Between January and June 2025, the National Committee for Refugees (Conare) approved only two applications from Cubans, rejected nine, and filed away 10,965 cases.
As thousands arrive irregularly in Brazil—using routes through Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana—the access to legal pathways remains limited, Padilla pointed out in his post.
In the last six months, the Brazilian Consulate in Havana issued 445 family reunification visas, 838 visitor visas, 109 study visas, and only 10 work visas.
This last permit, which allows for permanent residency without the restrictions of refugee status, has been granted to very few Cubans: 14 throughout 2024 and only four so far in 2025.
A landscape that doesn't change
In June, it was reported that the number of asylum requests made by Cuban citizens to the Brazilian government exceeded those of Venezuelan citizens for the first time in 10 years, according to data released by the Migration Panel in Brazil, from the Ministry of Justice and Public Security (MJSP).
According to the Instagram post by Portalg1, in the first quarter of 2025, Brazil received 9,467 asylum applications from Cubans, compared to 5,794 from Venezuelans.
Entry and transit routes
The arrival of Cubans in Brazil primarily occurs through the Northern region, especially via the municipality of Bonfim (Roraima), on the border with Guyana, and through the city of Oiapoque (Amapá), which borders French Guiana. Entries are also reported at the border with Suriname, also within Amapá territory.
In recent years, amidst the migration and economic crisis facing Cuba, Brazil has become an attractive destination for thousands of Cuban migrants seeking new economic and social opportunities outside their home country.
Frequently Asked Questions about Cuban Migration to Brazil in 2025
Why has the number of asylum requests from Cubans in Brazil increased in 2025?
The increase in asylum requests from Cubans in Brazil is primarily due to the economic, political, and social crisis in Cuba, which has prompted many citizens to seek new opportunities outside the island. Furthermore, immigration restrictions in the United States have redirected migration flows to other countries, such as Brazil.
What is the acceptance rate of asylum applications from Cubans in Brazil?
The acceptance rate of asylum applications from Cubans in Brazil is minimal, as between January and June 2025, the National Committee for Refugees (Conare) approved only two applications from Cubans, rejected nine, and archived 10,965 cases. This reflects the challenges that Cubans face in obtaining asylum in the South American country.
What are the main entry routes for Cubans into Brazil?
Cubans mainly arrive in Brazil through the Northern region, taking routes through Guyana, Suriname, and French Guiana, particularly via the municipality of Bonfim in Roraima and the city of Oiapoque in Amapá. These routes are popular due to their ease of access and the absence of a visa in some cases.
Why do many Cubans choose Brazil as their destination instead of the United States?
Many Cubans choose Brazil as a destination due to the immigration restrictions implemented by the United States under the administration of Donald Trump, which have made access to that country more challenging. Brazil provides a more accessible alternative for those looking to escape the crisis in Cuba and seek economic and social stability.
What challenges do Cubans face in Brazil?
Cubans face various challenges in Brazil, including difficulties in regularizing their immigration status, language barriers, discrimination, and issues finding formal employment. Additionally, the regularization process can be slow and complicated, leaving many in vulnerable situations.
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